Nickel alloys were created in the late 1930s. In 1941, Britain produced the first nickel-based alloy called Nimonic 75 (Ni-20Cr-0.4Ti), and later improved it by adding Al to enhance its creep strength, resulting in Nimonic 80 (Ni-20Cr-2.5Ti-1.3Al). The United States, Russia, and China also developed their own nickel-based alloys

Welded pipes have a wide range of applications in various industries and fields. Whether in the oil and gas industry, chemical industry, construction industry, or other industrial fields, welded pipe is a common choice. This is because welded pipes have many characteristics and advantages, making them an ideal option in these fields.

Radiographic Testing (RT), also known as industrial radiography, is a critical discipline in nondestructive testing. Its primary purpose is to detect macroscopic geometric defects in workpieces. RT includes various methods tailored to specific characteristics, such as X-ray Computed Tomography (X-CT), Computer Radiography (CR), and conventional radiography.